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 The following flags are used: ':' - Select pen. The number which follows is the required pen number. A PE command that does not include a select pen command uses the currently selected pen. '' - Fractional data. The value following the flag specifies the number of fractional binary bits in the coordinate data. '=' - Absolute plotting mode. The pair of coordinates which follow this flag are absolute coordinates. '7' - 7 bit mode. All subsequent coordinate values within this PE command are to be interpreted as 7-bit values, that is, encoded in base 32.  If you use the ':' flag in polygon mode it is ignored as the SP command has no effect in this mode.  Values and coordinates are encoded in base 64 or base 32. Values determine the setting of the immediately preceding flag. Legal values and coordinates are as follows: Pen number Number of fractional binary bits x- and y-coordinates - 0 (white) or 1(black) -26 to 26. The default is 0. (-230) to 230 - 1 current units. If the pen position is moved outside this range, subsequent plotting commands are ignored until an absolute coordinate pair within the allowable range is specified.  Flag and coordinate values are encoded as either base 64 or base 32 numbers and then transmitted as ASCII character codes. Base 64 is the default. Use Base 64 if your computer can send data without a parity bit. Use base 32 if your system requires a parity bit.  To encode an integer proceed as follows. If the number is negative, take the absolute value, multiply by 2 and add 1. Hence -x : = 2x+1. If the number is positive simply multiply by 2. Hence x :=2x. Convert the new number into base 64 or base 32 according to your system and encode each base 64 or base 32 digit as the corresponding ASCII character.  To encode a real number proceed as follows. Multiply the number of decimal places in your coordinate's data by 3.33 and round the result up to the next highest integer (for example round 6.66 up to 7). This gives the number of binary bits needed to represent the number's fractional part - the value that you will supply with the '>' flag. Call this number n. Now multiply the number you are encoding by 2n. Round this number to the nearest integer and then follow the procedure described above for encoding an integer.  Transmit each number to the printer least significant digits first. Terminate each number with the most significant digit. This must be specified from a different ASCII range from the preceding digits in the number. In base 64, non-terminating digits are represented by the numbers 63-126 and terminating digits by the numbers 191-254. In base 32, non-terminating digits are represented by the numbers 63-94 and terminating digits by the numbers 95-126. Hence if using a base 32 number whose least significant digit is 14, and whose most significant digit is 5, encode 14 as 77 (63+14) and 5 as 100 (95+5). Base 64 Base 32 Non-terminator 63-126 63-94 Terminator 191-254 95-126  In symbol mode the PE command draws the specified symbol at each specified point.  In polygon mode the points specified within the PE command are not plotted. Instead they are stored in the polygon buffer and used when a FP (Fill Polygon) or EP (Edge Polygon) command is used.  The PE command with no parameters simply updates the carriage return point. CI - Circle plot CI r(, qd)[;] r ; Radius of circle ( in current units ) qd ; Chord angle ( in degrees )  The command plots a circle with the current position as the centre, with a radius r and chord angle qd.  After plotting, the cursor returns to the centre of the circle.  Plotting takes place irrespective of whether the pen is up or down.  Valid values for r are specified in the current unit.  Valid values for qd are clamped real numbers in the range 0.5º to 180º. The default value is 5º. CHAPTER 4 HP-GL/2 - 23

Section	Page
Technical Reference Guide	1
TABLE OF CONTENTS	6
GLOSSARY	8
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION	17
1. ABOUT THE MANUAL	18
2. AREAS OF USE	19
2.1 Using Word Processing Packages and Spreadsheets	19
2.2 Graphics	19
2.3 Programming	19
2.4 Font Development	20
CHAPTER 2 PCL PRINTER CONTROL LANGUAGE	22
1. COMMAND LIST	27
2. INTRODUCTION	30
3. CONTROLLING THE PRINTER	31
3.1. Control Codes	31
3.1.1. Backspace (08) <08h>	31
3.1.2. Line feed (10) <0Ah>	31
3.1.3. Form feed (12) <0Ch>	31
3.1.4. Carriage return (13) <0Dh>	31
3.1.5. Select primary font (14) <0Eh>	31
3.1.6. Select secondary font (15) <0Fh>	31
3.1.7. Escape (27) <1Bh>	31
3.1.8. Horizontal tab (09) <09h>	31
3.1.9. Space (32) <20h>	31
3.2. Escape Sequences	32
3.2.1. Line termination	32
3.2.2. End-of-line wrap	33
3.2.3. Display functions mode	33
3.3. Environments	34
3.3.1. Factory default environment	34
3.3.2. User default environment	34
3.3.3. Modified print environment	34
3.3.4. Macro overlay environment	34
4. JOB CONTROL	35
4.1 . Commands	35
4.1.1. Page size	35
4.1.2. Media type selection	40
4.1.3. Output tray	41
4.1.4. Paper source	42
4.1.5. Left long-edge offset registration	47
4.1.6. Top offset registration	47
4.1.7. Simplex/duplex printing	48
4.1.8. Paper side selection	48
4.1.9. Job separation command	48
4.1.10. Reset	48
4.1.11. Reset to factory default settings	50
4.1.12. Reset to user settings	50
4.1.13. Printer self test	50
4.1.14. Exit current emulation mode	50
4.1.15. Change emulation mode	50
4.2. The Page	52
4.2.1. Physical page	52
4.2.2. Printable area	52
4.2.3. Logical page	52
4.2.4. Text area	52
4.2.5. HP-GL/2 graphics window	52
4.2.6. Portrait page dimensions	53
4.2.7. Landscape page dimensions	55
4.2.8. Coordinates	57
4.2.9. Units	57
4.2.10. Unit of measure	57
4.2.11. Setting the left and right margins	57
4.2.12. Resetting the horizontal margins	58
4.2.13. Setting the top margin	58
4.2.14. Setting the vertical motion index (VMI)	59
4.2.15. Setting the horizontal motion index (HMI)	59
4.2.16. Setting line spacing	60
4.2.17. Text length	60
4.2.18. Page length	61
4.2.19. Perforation skip	61
4.2.20. Positioning the cursor	62
4.2.21. Vertical positioning	62
4.2.22. Horizontal position	63
4.2.23. Positioning the cursor using control codes	64
4.2.24. Using the cursor position stack	64
4.2.25. Half line feed	65
4.2.26. Logical page orientation	65
4.2.27. Text direction	65
5. USING FONTS	67
5.1. Introduction	67
5.1.1. Font types	67
5.1.2. Bitmap fonts	67
5.1.3. Scalable fonts	67
5.1.4. Bound fonts	69
5.1.5. Unbound fonts	69
5.1.6. Font sources	69
5.1.7. Internal fonts	69
5.1.8. Card/cartridge fonts	69
5.1.9. Downloadable fonts	69
5.1.10. Primary and secondary fonts	70
5.1.11. Specifying the primary font	70
5.1.12. Specifying the secondary font	70
5.1.13. Selecting the default fonts	70
5.1.14. Switching between the primary and secondary fonts	70
5.1.15. Criteria for font selection	71
5.1.16. Symbol set	71
5.1.17. Symbol collections	71
5.1.18. Type of character spacing	71
5.1.19. Pitch	71
5.1.20. Height	71
5.1.21. Style	71
5.1.22. Stroke weight	72
5.1.23. Typeface	72
5.2. Font Selection Commands	73
5.2.1. User-defined symbol sets	73
5.2.2. Symbol set ID code command	73
5.2.3. Define symbol set	73
5.2.4. Symbol set control command	75
5.2.5. Selecting the symbol set	75
5.2.6. Selecting the type of character spacing	77
5.2.7. Selecting the pitch	77
5.2.8. Selecting the height	78
5.2.9. Scaling the scalable fonts vertically or horizontally	78
5.2.10. Selecting the style	78
5.2.11. Selecting the stroke weight	79
5.2.12. Selecting the typeface	79
5.2.13. Font orientation	80
5.2.14. Transparent print data	81
5.2.15. Esc&d#D (27)(38)(100)#(68) <1Bh><26h><64h>#<44h>	81
5.3. Downloadable font manipulation	82
5.3.1. Font ID	82
5.3.2. Operations on downloaded fonts	82
5.3.3. Selecting a downloaded font	82
5.4. Creating Downloadable Fonts	83
5.4.1. Downloading	83
5.4.2. Sending the font descriptor	83
5.4.3. Unicode symbol index character complement bits	94
5.4.4. Sending a character code	95
5.4.5. Sending a character descriptor and data	95
6. USING GRAPHICS	101
6.1. Source, Pattern and Destination	101
6.1.1. Set source transparency	101
6.1.2. Set pattern transparency	102
6.1.3. Set area fill identity	103
6.1.4. User-defined pattern command	104
6.1.5. Set pattern reference point	104
6.1.6. User-defined pattern control	105
6.1.7. Set pattern type	105
6.2. Plotting Rectangles	107
6.2.1. Cursor position	107
6.2.2. Set rectangle width	107
6.2.3. Set rectangle height	107
6.2.4. Draw filled rectangle	107
6.3. Raster Graphics	109
6.3.1. Positioning the cursor	109
6.3.2. Set raster resolution	109
6.3.3. Set high resolution control	109
6.3.4. Set raster image orientation	109
6.3.5. Set raster area height	110
6.3.6. Set raster area width	110
6.3.7. Set raster y-offset	110
6.3.8. Set compression mode	110
6.3.9. Start raster transfer	116
6.3.10. Send raster data	116
6.3.11. Compress transfer graphics	116
6.3.12. End raster transfer	116
6.3.13. Horizontal 1200-dpi image format mode (Raster Graphic Mode 1027)	118
6.4. Vector Graphics	120
6.4.1. Enter HP-GL/2 mode	120
6.5. The Picture Frame	121
6.5.1. The default picture frame	121
6.5.2. Set picture frame anchor point	121
6.5.3. Set picture frame vertical size	121
6.5.4. Set picture frame horizontal size	121
6.5.5. Specify vertical plot size	121
6.5.6. Specify horizontal plot size	121
7. MACROS	122
7.1. The Purpose of a Macro	122
7.2. Defining a Macro	123
7.2.1. Macro ID	123
7.2.2. Start macro definition	123
7.2.3. End macro definition	123
7.3. Running a Macro	124
7.3.1. Execute macro	124
7.3.2. Call macro	124
7.3.3. Enable macro for overlay	124
7.3.4. Disable macro for overlay	124
7.4. Handling Macros	125
7.4.1. Delete all macros	125
7.4.2. Delete all temporary macros	125
7.4.3. Delete macro	125
7.4.4. Make macro temporary	125
7.4.5. Make macro permanent	125
7.4.6. Delete all macros from the storage device	125
7.4.7. Delete macro from the storage device	125
7.4.8. Save macro into the storage device	125
7.4.9. Execute data	126
7.4.10. AppleTalk configuration	126
7.4.11. MIO video I/O port control	127
8. STATUS READBACK	128
8.1. Introduction	128
8.2. Memory Status request	128
8.3. Entity Status	128
8.4. Status Response	128
8.5. Status Response Syntax	129
8.5.1. Set status readback location type	129
8.5.2. Set status readback location unit	129
8.5.3. Inquire status readback entity	130
8.5.4. Entity status response	130
8.5.5. Font response	130
8.5.6. Bitmap fonts	131
8.5.7. Bound scalable fonts	131
8.5.8. Unbound scalable fonts	131
8.5.9. Download fonts	131
8.5.10. Location type 1 (currently selected) font	131
8.5.11. Font extended response	132
8.5.12. Macro response	133
8.5.13. Use-defined pattern response	133
8.5.14. Symbol set response	133
8.5.15. Entity error codes	134
8.5.16. Free space command	134
8.5.17. Font cache	135
8.5.18. Memory status response	135
8.5.19. Memory error response	135
8.5.20. Flush all pages command	135
8.5.21. Echo command	135
9. INDEX	136
CHAPTER 3 PCL5C	140
1. INTRODUCTION	141
2. COLOR MODES	142
2.1. Using Simple Color Mode - Set Simple Color	142
2.2. Using PCL Color Mode - Set PCL Color Setting	143
2.3. Using HP-GL/2 Color Mode	147
3. COLOR PALETTES	148
3.1. Set Color #1	148
3.2. Set Color #2	148
3.3. Set Color #3	148
3.4. Set Color to Palette	148
3.5. Select Color	149
3.6. Push/Pop Palette	149
4. COLOR GRAPHICS	150
4.1. Start Raster Transfer	150
4.2. Set Destination Raster Width	150
4.3. Set Destination Raster Height	150
4.4. Set Scale Algorithm	151
4.5. Send Raster Data by Plane	151
4.6. Enter HP-GL/2 Mode	151
5. ENHANCE OUTPUT	152
5.1. Set Render Algorithm	152
5.2. Set Monochrome Mode	152
5.3. Set Gamma Correction	153
5.4. Download Dither Matrix	153
5.5. User-defined Pattern Command	153
6. HP-GL/2	154
6.1. IN (Initialize Set Instruction) Command	154
6.2. PC (Pen Color) Command	154
6.3. NP (Number of Pens) Command	155
6.4. CR (Color Range) Command	155
7. INDEX	156
CHAPTER 4 HP-GL/2 GRAPHICS LANGUAGE	158
1. COMMAND LIST	160
2. INTRODUCTION	162
3. TERMINOLOGY	163
3.1. Picture Frame	163
3.2. Anchor Point	163
3.3. Graphics Window	163
3.4. Hard Clip Limits	163
3.5. Soft Clip Limits	163
3.6. Graphics Units	163
3.7. User Units	163
3.8. Current Units	163
3.9. Pens	163
3.10. Absolute and Relative Plotting	164
3.11. Fills	164
4. COMMAND SYNTAX	165
4.1. Mnemonic	165
4.2. Parameters	165
4.3. Separators	165
4.4. Terminator	165
5. THE HP-GL GRAPHICS WINDOW	166
5.1. Units	166
5.2. The Scaling Points P1 and P2	166
5.3. Scaling	166
5.4. Transformation	166
6. PREPARING TO PRINT GRAPHIC IMAGES	167
6.1. Setting Up the Graphics Window	167
6.2. Using Existing Image Plots	167
6.3. Printing an Image	167
6.4. Entering HP-GL/2 Mode	167
6.5. Quitting HP-GL/2 Mode	167
7. COMMANDS	168
7.1. Initialize Commands	168
7.2. Plot Area and Unit Setting Instructions	170
7.3. Pen Control and Plot Instructions	174
7.4. The polygon group	181
7.5. Plot Function Instructions	186
7.6. Character Plot Instructions	194
7.6.1. Introduction	195
8. INDEX	208
CHAPTER 5 PJL PRINTER JOB LANGUAGE	211
1. INTRODUCTION	213
1.1. About PJL	213
1.2. In Case of Using PJL with a Non-PJL Printer	214
1.2.1. PCL jobs	214
1.2.2. Postscript jobs	214
1.2.3. Other printer languages	214
1.3. PJL Syntax and Format	215
1.4. Variables	216
1.4.1. Alphanumeric variables	216
1.4.2. Numeric variables	216
1.4.3. Strings	216
1.5. Invalid Commands	216
1.5.1. Syntax errors	216
1.5.2. Syntax warning and semantic warning	216
2. HOW TO USE PJL	217
2.1. Overview	217
2.2. PJL Job Requirement	217
3. COMMAND GROUP	218
4. KERNEL COMMANDS	219
4.1. Introduction	219
4.2. UEL Command	219
4.3. EXECUTE Command	219
4.4. ENTER Command	220
4.5. COMMENT Command	220
4.6. Printer Language Switching	221
4.6.1. Explicit switching	221
4.6.2. Implicit switching	221
4.6.3. Context switching	221
5. JOB SEPARATION COMMANDS	222
5.1. Introduction	222
5.2. JOB Command	222
5.3. EOJ Command	223
6. ENVIRONMENT COMMANDS	224
6.1. Introduction	224
6.1.1. Print environment	224
6.1.2. PJL reset conditions	225
6.1.3. Remember these points about environments	225
6.1.4. PJL environment variables	226
6.2. Variables	227
6.2.1. Variables for	227
6.2.2. Variables for	262
6.3. Default Command	267
6.4. Initialize Command	267
6.5. Reset Command	268
6.6. Set Command	268
7. STATUS READBACK COMMANDS	270
7.1. Introduction	270
7.1.1. Synchronization with the printer	270
7.1.2. Basic format of status readback responses	270
7.2. Inquire Command	271
7.3. DINQUIRE Command	272
7.4. ECHO Command	273
7.5. INFO Command	274
7.5.1. ID category	276
7.5.2. CONFIG category	276
7.5.3. MEMORY category	278
7.5.4. STATUS category	279
7.5.5. VARIABLES category	279
7.5.6. USTATUS category	281
7.6. USTATUS Command	282
7.6.1. Device variable	283
7.6.2. JOB variables	284
7.6.3. PAGE variable	285
7.6.4. TIMED variable	285
7.7. USTATUSOFF Command	286
7.8. JOB Recovery	286
8. DEVICE ATTENDANCE COMMANDS	287
8.1. Introduction	287
8.2. RDYMSG Command	287
8.3. OPMSG Command	288
8.4. STMSG Command	288
9. INDEX	290
CHAPTER 6 EPSON FX-850	292
1. COMMAND LIST	293
2. INTRODUCTION	295
3. EMULATION DETAILS	296
3.1. Ignored Commands	296
3.2. Resolution	296
4. TERMINOLOGY	297
4.1. Syntax	297
4.2. Conventions	297
5. CONTROLLING THE PRINTER	298
5.1. The Control Panel	298
5.2. Control codes	298
5.3. Escape sequence	298
6. COMMANDS	299
6.1. Basic printer operations	299
6.2. Page set up	303
6.3. Line Spacing	305
6.4. Using Tabs	306
6.5. Using Standard Characters	307
6.6. Using customized characters	313
6.7. Graphics	314
7. INDEX	318
CHAPTER 7 IBM PROPRINTER XL	320
1. COMMAND LIST	321
2. INTRODUCTION	323
3. EMULATION DETAILS	324
3.1. Ignored Commands	324
3.2. Resolution	324
3.3. Character Set selection	324
3.4. Controlling the Printer	324
3.5. Control Codes	324
3.6. Escape sequences	324
4. NOTATION USED IN THIS EMULATION DESCRIPTION	325
4.1. Syntax	325
4.2. Data Conventions	325
5. COMMANDS	326
5.1. Basic Printer Operation	326
5.2. Page Format	329
5.3. Using Characters	332
5.4. Graphics	336
6. INDEX	339
CHAPTER 8 BAR CODE CONTROL	341
1. INTRODUCTION	342
2. PRINT BAR CODES OR EXPANDED CHARACTERS	343
3. DEFINITION OF PARAMETERS	344
3.1. Bar Code Mode	344
3.2. Bar Code Style, Expanded Character Shading, Line Block Drawing & Box Drawing Shading	344
3.3. Bar Code Scaling (Width only)	346
3.4. Bar Code Human Readable Line On or Off	346
3.5. Quiet Zone	346
3.6. Bar Code, Expanded Character Unit, Line Block Drawing & Box Drawing Units	346
3.7. Bar Code, Expanded Character, Line, Block Drawing & Box Drawing Offset in the X-axis	347
3.8. Bar Code & Expanded Character Offset in the Y-axis	347
3.9. Bar Code, Expanded Character, Line, Block Drawing & Box Drawing Height	347
3.10. Expanded Character, Line Block Drawing & Box Drawing Width	347
3.11. Expanded Character Rotation	347
3.12. Bar Code Data Start	348
3.13. Box Drawing	349
3.14. Line Block Drawing	349
3.15. Expanded Character Data Start	349
3.16. Table of Code(EAN) 128 set C	350
4. EXAMPLE PROGRAM LISTINGS	351
CHAPTER 9 HP-GL GRAPHICS LANGUAGE	353
1. COMMAND LIST	354
2. INTRODUCTION	355
2.1. HP-GL Syntax	355
2.2. Font Selection	355
2.3. Coordinate System and Printing Area	355
2.3.1. Coordinate system	355
2.3.2. Printing area	356
3. COMMANDS	357
3.1. Initialization and Default Setting Instructions	357
3.2. Plot Area and Unit Setting Instructions	358
3.3. Pen Control and Plot Instructions	359
3.4. The polygon Group	364
3.5. Plot Function Instructions	369
3.6. Character Plot Instructions	371
3.7. Dual Context Extensions	377
4. INDEX	378
CHAPTER 10 CARBON COPY FUNCTION	380
1. OUTLINE	381
1.1. Outline of the function	381
2. SPECIFICATIONS	382
2.1. Explanation of each function	382
2.1.1. Carbon copy mode setting	382
2.1.2. Setting of the number of copies	382
2.1.3. Paper tray selection setting	382
2.1.4. Additional macro setting	382
2.2. How to set each function	383
2.2.1. Setting on the control panel	383
2.2.2. Setting on the control panel	384
2.2.3. Setting with the PJL command	385
2.2.4. Setting with the PJL command	386
2.3. Example	387
2.3.1. Setting on the control panel	387
2.3.2. Setting with the PJL command	387
3. DETAILED INFORMATION	388
3.1. Details on the specifications	388
3.1.1. Usable emulation	388
3.1.2. About tray selection	388
3.1.3. About the duplex setting	388
3.1.4. About the USER DEFINED SIZE paper	388
3.1.5. About the reprint function	388
3.1.6. About the spool data	388
3.2. Limited items	388
3.2.1. About the page break of the print data	388
3.2.2. About the <ESC><CR> command of the print data	388
APPENDIX A COMPARISON LIST	390
PCL5 (Paper Size)	391
PCL5 (Tray: If PJL TRAYCOMMAND is NORMAL.)	400
PCL5 (Tray: If PJL TRAYCOMMAND is SPECIAL.)	403
PCL5 (Others)	406
Typeface Selection (PCL)	426
HP-GL/2	430
Epson FX-850	432
IBM ProPrinter XL	434
BAR CODE	436
HP-GL	437
PJL	439
General PJL Environment Variables	447
PCL Specific Variables	497
PostScript Specific Variables	500
EPSON Specific Variables	502
IBM Specific Variables	504
APPENDIX B FLASH/PCMCIA CARD COMMANDS	506
1. INTRODUCTION	507
2. HOW TO READ THE CARD COMMANDS SPECIFICATION	508
2.1 Commands	508
2.2 Available Devices	508
2.3 Description	508
2.4 Error	508
3. COMMANDS	509
3.1 Select Storage Device Command	509
3.2 Format Command	510
3.2.1 Physical format	510
3.2.2 Logical format	510
3.3 Save Data Command	511
3.3.1 Save specified type	511

Match case Limit results 1 per page

CHAPTER 4 HP-GL/2 - 23



The following

flags

are used:

':' -

Select pen.

The number which follows is the required pen number.

A PE command that does not

include a select pen command uses the currently selected pen.

'<' -

Pen up.

The pen is raised and moved to the specified coordinate pair.

All coordinate pair values

not preceded by this flag are automatically interpreted as pen down plotting commands.

'>' -

Fractional data.

The value following the flag specifies the number of fractional binary bits in the

coordinate data.

'=' -

Absolute plotting mode.

The pair of coordinates which follow this flag are absolute coordinates.

'7' -

7 bit mode.

All subsequent coordinate values within this PE command are to be interpreted as 7-bit

values, that is, encoded in base 32.



If you use the ':'

flag

in polygon mode it is ignored as the SP command has no effect in this mode.



Values and coordinates are encoded in base 64 or base 32.

Values determine the setting of the immediately

preceding

flag

Legal values and coordinates are as follows:

Pen number -

0 (white) or 1(black)

Number of fractional binary bits -

-26 to 26.

The default is 0.

x- and y-coordinates -

(-2

) to 2

- 1 current units.

If the pen position is moved

outside this range, subsequent plotting commands are ignored until

an absolute coordinate pair within the allowable range is specified.



Flag

and coordinate values are encoded as either base 64 or base 32 numbers and then transmitted as ASCII

character codes.

Base 64 is the default.

Use Base 64 if your computer can send data without a parity bit.

Use base 32 if your system requires a parity bit.



To encode an integer proceed as follows.

If the number is negative,

take the absolute value,

multiply by

2 and add 1.

Hence -x : = 2x+1.

If the number is positive simply multiply by 2.

Hence x :=2x.

Convert the new number into base 64 or base 32 according

to your system and encode each base 64 or base

32 digit as the corresponding ASCII character.



To encode a real number proceed as follows.

Multiply the number of decimal places in your coordinate's

data by 3.33 and round the result up to the next highest integer (for example round 6.66 up to 7).

This

gives the number of binary bits needed to represent the number's fractional part - the value that you will

supply with the '>' flag.

Call this number n. Now multiply the number you are encoding by 2

Round

this number to the nearest integer and then follow the procedure described above for encoding an integer.



Transmit each number to the printer least significant digits first.

Terminate each number with the most

significant digit.

This must be specified from a different ASCII range from the preceding digits in the

number.

In base 64, non-terminating digits are represented by the numbers 63-126 and terminating digits

by the numbers 191-254.

In base 32, non-terminating digits are represented by the numbers 63-94 and

terminating digits by the numbers 95-126.

Hence if using a base 32 number whose least significant digit is

14, and whose most significant digit is 5,

encode 14 as 77 (63+14) and 5 as 100 (95+5).

Non-terminator

Terminator

Base 64

63-126

191-254

Base 32

63-94

95-126



In symbol mode the PE command draws the specified symbol at each specified point.



In polygon mode the points specified within the PE command are not plotted.

Instead they are stored in the

polygon buffer and used when a FP (Fill Polygon) or EP (Edge Polygon) command is used.



The PE command with no parameters simply updates the carriage return point.

CI - Circle plot

)[;]

; Radius of circle ( in current units )

; Chord angle ( in degrees )



The command plots a circle with the current position as the centre, with a radius r and chord angle qd.



After plotting, the cursor returns to the centre of the circle.



Plotting takes place irrespective of whether the pen is up or down.



Valid values for r are specified in the current unit.



Valid values for qd are clamped real numbers in the range 0.5º to 180º.

The default value is 5º.