Synology RS422 Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0
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- Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 1
User Guide for Synology High Availability (SHA) Based on DSM 7.0 and Synology High Availability 2.1.0 1 - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 2
Environment 02 2.1 Supported models (as of January 2022) 2.2 System requirements 2.3 Limitations Chapter 3: Set Up and Configure an SHA Cluster 07 3.1 Connect the hosts 3.2 Create a cluster 3.3 Tests and simulations 3.4 Set up storage for SHA 3.5 Monitored services 3.6 Quorum server - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 3
in mind, users can rest assured that their services are constantly maintained, even in the event of sudden disaster. Those who wish to make full use of the support provided by Synology High Availability will benefit from the information in this User Guide. For information regarding SHA design and - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 4
18 series 17 series 16 series 15 series 14 series 13 series 12 series Supported models FS6400, FS3600, FS3400, FS3017, FS2500, FS2017, FS1018 SA3600, SA3400 DS3622xs+, DS2422+ RS4021xs+, RS3621xs+, RS3621RPxs, RS2821RP+, RS2421RP+, RS2421+, RS1221RP+, RS1221+, DS1821+, DS1621xs+, DS1621+ RS820RP - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 5
Availability (SHA), the active server and the passive server are referred to as "hosts". Models and versions • To create an SHA cluster, two Synology NAS (hosts) with support for SHA are required to act as the active and passive servers. • We recommend that the models of the two hosts are identical - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 6
• The active and passive servers must have the same number of drives. Additionally, the drives must be placed in the exact same slots on each device. Refer to subnet A via LAN 1. Note: NTP service will be automatically enabled on the active server once the high-availability cluster is created. 04 - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 7
network card. • A Heartbeat connection can transfer Jumbo Frame packets to the other Synology NAS using a specified network interface. If the connection passes through a switch, make sure that the switch also supports Jumbo Frame. • A Heartbeat connection requires low latency, and its response time - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 8
Directory Server prior to cluster creation, refer to the Create a cluster with a Synology NAS in use section for instructions. USB device limitations SHA does not support switchover/failover for USB devices. Any services or applications provided by USB devices may not work properly after switchover - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 9
Chapter 3: Set Up and Configure an SHA Cluster Chapter 3: Set Up and Configure an SHA Cluster 3.1 Connect the hosts To achieve broader bandwidth for the cluster and Heartbeat connections, we recommend you to set up network interfaces as follows: • If you have four 1 GbE network interfaces available, - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 10
To avoid service interruptions caused Synology NAS This section provides instructions on how to create a high-availability cluster using two new Synology NAS. For example, we will use two brand-new DS1621+ Synology interface, click Edit, select Use manual configuration, and then enter the required - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 11
B • Server name: NAS-B • LAN 1: DHCP IP address • LAN 2: Static IP address 10.17.196.13 4. On each server, go to the Package Center and install Synology High Availability. 5. Sign in on the host that you want to assume the role of the active server (Server A) with an account belonging to the - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 12
Chapter 3: Set Up and Configure an SHA Cluster 8. Read the content of the Before you start page carefully. After confirming that the configurations of your two servers meet the requirements, click Next. 9. If the recommended network configuration meets your needs, configure your network according to - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 13
. 14. Confirm your settings and click Done. 15. Tick the checkbox after reading the instructions and click Yes. 16. The wizard will start creating the high-availability cluster. The time the process is complete, you can access the data and services via the new cluster hostname and IP address. 11 - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 14
services, but will remain in standby mode. • You can manage the cluster in Synology Synology High Availability does not support Synology NAS implemented with SHR (Synology Hybrid RAID). If you have already set up SHR on your existing Synology Refer to this article for instructions. b. Go to Storage - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 15
instructions. b. Go to the Package Center and uninstall Synology Directory Server. c. Create a high-availability cluster. d. Reinstall Synology Hostname or IP address of the active server to access your Synology NAS. If services are transferred to another server after a failover, the original active - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 16
Configure an SHA Cluster 5. Click Yes to open the cluster creation wizard. Services on the active server will continue during cluster creation. 6. Read the settings and click Done. 11. Tick the checkbox after reading the instructions and click Yes. 12. The wizard will start creating the high- - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 17
the active server from the Cluster connection to simulate network failure. Do not disconnect the Heartbeat connection. Refer to this article for step-by-step instructions on how to manually initiate a switchover, trigger an auto-failover, or simulate connection problems. 15 - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 18
of the cluster, we recommend you to do this when the cluster is not providing services. Enter Safe Mode (Split-brain Mode) 1. Go to Control Panel > Shared Folder to create a shared folder (Share1). Upload some test files (1.txt and 2.txt) to Share1 through File Station. 2. Quickly unplug all cables - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 19
Chapter 3: Set Up and Configure an SHA Cluster 4. Sign in to NAS-B using the high-availability cluster IP address. The high-availability cluster status will show that NAS-B is the active server and NAS-A is undetectable. In this case, NAS-A and NAS-B are both acting as the active server.1 5. Make - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 20
1. Sign in to DSM (NAS-A) via the cluster IP address. 2. Services on both the servers and the IP addresses of the high-availability cluster will is complete. 3.4 Set up storage for SHA Before you start This user guide uses the following examples, which are based on SHA's minimum requirements: • - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 21
Chapter 3: Set Up and Configure an SHA Cluster Notes: • Only RAID 1, RAID 5, RAID 6, RAID 10, RAID F1 and BASIC are supported. • Please install a brand new hard disk, as a used hard disk may encounter unexpected issues. • The storage settings will be synchronized on both the active and - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 22
and click Next. Chapter 3: Set Up and Configure an SHA Cluster 5. Select Perform drive check and click Next. 6. Allocate the capacity size and click Next. 7. Select Btrfs for the file system and click Next. For more information on file - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 23
Chapter 3: Set Up and Configure an SHA Cluster 3.5 Monitored services Select the services that you want to monitor with Synology High Availability. If a monitored service fails on the active server, the system will fail over to the passive server as long as it is operating normally. 3.6 Quorum - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 24
Synology High Availability > Service. 2. Tick Enable quorum server and enter the IP address of the quorum server. 3. Make sure that the quorum server is always connected to both active and passive servers. 4. Click Test types of UPS are supported by SHA: • SNMP UPS • USB UPS • Synology UPS server 22 - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 25
something happens to the power supply, UPS will help prevent the Synology NAS from powering off unexpectedly. If the active server experiences issues specified waiting period has been reached. The system will then switch services over to the passive server so that they can run without interruption - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 26
switch and set up any type of UPS (USB UPS / SNMP UPS / Synology UPS server) as the power source protection. If you use USB UPS, connect the occurs, the entire cluster will enter Safe Mode. If you use a SNMP UPS or Synology UPS server, you can connect one or both of the servers to the same UPS. - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 27
UPS or Synology UPS server, you will need to set up a corresponding UPS IP address for each server. In this case, if there is a problem with one of the power supplies, the connected server will enter Safe Mode. If the power supply is that of the active server, services will fail - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 28
on, the passive server will not take over services to avoid a Splitbrain error. 3.9 System notifications If a major event or problem occurs in the system, you may want to be notified as soon as possible. This section provides instructions for notifications settings. Enable email notifications 1. Go - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 29
4. If necessary, add a subject prefix in the Subject prefix field. This prefix will be added to the subject of each message sent by your Synology NAS, helping you identify and filter messages. 5. Refer to the respective help articles for DSM 7.0 and DSM 6.2 for more information. Notification content - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 30
Chapter 4: Navigate the SHA User Interface Chapter 4: Navigate the SHA User Interface To learn more about how to navigate the SHA User Interface, you can refer to the respective help articles for DSM 7.0 and DSM 6.2. 4.1 Cluster The Cluster page provides an overview of your SHA cluster. This page is - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 31
case, all services will be suspended to avoid further data inconsistencies until the issues are resolved. To troubleshoot abnormal high availability cluster statuses (Warning or Critical), refer to Chapter 2: SHA Troubleshooting in the Synology High Availability (SHA) Troubleshooting Guide. High - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 32
the active server are usually be higher since it is responsible for running all services. In this section, you can check the following: • CPU utilization and reserved for system-related monitoring. • Drive activity: This information indicates if the drives are running data read/write activities 30 - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 33
Chapter 4: Navigate the SHA User Interface Recent Important Events The five most recent logs will be listed in this section for you catch up with the latest cluster activities. This information includes the date and time, the user, and the event details. This section is useful for when something - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 34
Chapter 4: Navigate the SHA User Interface 4.3 Network This page contains two tabs, one that provides the network settings of the high-availability cluster and the other of the hosts. You can get an overview of the network interface usage and create or remove additional Cluster connections if - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 35
Hosts This tab shows the statuses and details of the network interfaces on the active and the passive servers. 4.4 Service This page allows you to monitor certain services. If a monitored service fails on the active server, the system will fail over to the passive server as long as the passive - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 36
Supported services • Windows File Service • iSCSI Target • FTP • Mac File Service • NFS Service • Synology Directory Server • Web Services Refer Set Up and Configure an SHA Cluster for more information and setup instructions. 4.5 Storage This page details the statuses of the storage volumes on - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 37
and DSM 6.2. HDD/SSD This tab provides the status and details on the drives. You can select a drive and click Health Info to view its statistics, run a S.M.A.R.T. test, and check its history. Note: Do not change a drive's position once a volume has been created. This may risk you losing the volume - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 38
and solutions section of Chapter 3.3: Tests and simulations. Resolve a split-brain with the cluster IP address and open Synology High Availability. 3. To view the instructions in this article. 4. Click Manage > Resolve split-brain errors on the Cluster page and follow the onscreen instructions - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 39
system to complete the process and restart the passive server. Services will remain uninterrupted on the active server during this process. to begin the update process.2 To update DSM manually on a high-availability cluster: 1. Go to Synology Download Center, select your model, and click - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 40
& Restore page in Control Panel. 5. Click Manual DSM Update. 6. Upload the DSM update file to each server and then click OK to begin the update process. Update the Synology High Availability package Services will still be available while updating the Synology High Availability package. 1. Go to - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 41
ensure the compatibility and continued use of the Synology drives installed in your Synology NAS. If the firmware status of one or more drives in DSM to halt all services during the update and prevent any application errors. • You can perform firmware updates for Synology drives on both servers - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 42
, and disable2 the SHA cluster IP address, or click Configure Server Network to edit the IP addresses of the active and passive servers. 3. Select Use manual configuration and edit the network information of either or both servers. 4. Click OK when you're done. 40 - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 43
to configure the new network settings. 6. Enter a DSM administrator's username and password. 7. Select Use manual configuration and specify the new IP information. 8. Click OK to save your settings. 9. Go to Synology Assistant again, and you will see that your cluster's IP address has changed. 10 - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 44
Prepare drives that are listed on the Synology Products Compatibility List. Using incompatible drives Synology NAS, make sure to follow the drive installation instructions found in the Hardware Installation Guide for your Synology device.1 2. Make sure that all of the new drives show up in Synology - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 45
from the active server and replace it with one of a larger size. To avoid injury or damaging your Synology NAS, make sure to follow the drive installation instructions found in the Hardware Installation Guide for your Synology device.1 3. Go to Storage Manager > HDD/SSD to make sure the newly added - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 46
Guide can be found in the Synology Download Center under Documents. 2. When replacing drives of RAID 5 / RAID 6 / RAID 10 / RAID F1 storage pools, the smallest drive to this article to see if your servers are compatible with Synology expansion units. This section provides steps on pairing expansion - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 47
of the two servers is exactly the same to ensure that services can be properly transferred and to maintain consistent system performance. • Go to the Download Center and download the Hardware Installation Guide for your Synology NAS. Method 1: Shut down the cluster You can expand the memory - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 48
will return to normal. For more details, refer to Chapter 2: SHA Troubleshooting in the Synology High Availability (SHA) Troubleshooting Guide. 5.6 M.2 SSD installation SSD caches can achieve better performance on Synology NAS by leveraging the advantages of SSDs. By storing frequently accessed - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 49
and download the Hardware Installation Guide and Datasheet for your Synology NAS. Then, check the following: • Make sure that the PCIe slot is supported on your Synology NAS. • Confirm that the network interface card you want to use is listed on Synology Products Compatibility List. • Make sure that - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 50
function. 1. Sign in to your high-availability cluster and go to Synology High Availability > Host. 2. On the passive server, click the power button and select Shut Down. 3. Refer to the Hardware Installation Guide for instructions on how to install the network interface card on the passive - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 51
drives and disconnect the Ethernet cables from the source Synology NAS. 3. Install the drives on the destination Synology NAS. Drives synology.com. 7. Find the destination Synology NAS. Its status should be Migratable or Recoverable. 8. Double-click on the destination Synology destination Synology - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 52
Management section of Chapter 5: Maintain your High-availability Cluster for instructions. Note: If the cluster is in an abnormal state before migration, refer to Chapter 2: SHA Troubleshooting in the Synology High Availability (SHA) Troubleshooting Guide to fix the issue before continuing. 50 - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 53
cluster? • How can I repair a degraded storage space in a high-availability cluster? • Frequently asked questions about Synology High Availability cluster Software specs Refer to the Synology High Availability software specifications for DSM 7.0 and DSM 6.2 to learn more about the package's features - Synology RS422 | Synology High Availability SHA User Guide for DSM 7.0 - Page 54
specifications and product descriptions at any time, without notice. Copyright © 2022 Synology Inc. All rights reserved. ® Synology and other names of Synology Products are proprietary marks or registered trademarks of Synology Inc. Other products and company names mentioned herein are trademarks of
User Guide for
Synology High Availability (SHA)
Based on
DSM 7.0 and Synology High Availability 2.1.0